Sequences of cytochrome b from Genbank from Canary Islands, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, and Venezuela showed T. solanivora populations from Boyacá occurred 180,000 years ago according to mismatch distribution analysis. The Tajima-Nei test showed the population from Boyacá where most potatoes are produced in Colombia was the only one with recent expansion. phureja from Antioquia, Boyacá, Nariño, and Norte de Santander regions of Colombia, demonstrating the species was genetically structured and no genetic differentiation was found between the two hosts. We used mitochondrial gene markers cytochrome oxydase I and cytochrome b to analyze phylogeography of T. tuberosum and no data are available for populations on other species of potatoes. However, the studies used populations from S. The insect has been characterized by microsatellites and the cytochrome b mitochondrial gene. Larvae attack tubers and are difficult to control. The Guatemalan potato moth, Tecia solanivora (Povolny) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is the most important insect pest of potato, Solanum tuberosum L., worldwide. armigera caused more damage on shallot onion than the other two caterpillars studied but effective utilization of food was made by S. The results of food consumption indices had indicated that S. litura (0.65 mg/day and 2.27 mg/day), and ECD and ECI were noticed in H. The lowest Consumption Rate (CR) and CI were observed in S. exigua (0.06 mg/day), (6.82 mg/day) and the AD, ECD and ECI was the highest in H. The grand mean GR and CI was the highest in S. frugiperda and no significant difference was noticed in fifth instar for ECI and ECD. litura in third instar but in fourth instar the highest ECD (13.49%) and ECI (10.34%) was observed in S. exigua (0.08 mg/day and 0.81 mg/day respectively), Efficiency of Conversion of Digested food (ECD) (12.76%) and ECI (12.23%) was the highest in S. The high GR and Consumption Index (CI) was observed in S. The growth rate (GR) and Efficiency of Conversion of ingested food (ECI) was significantly different in third instar but fourth and fifth instar, they showed less significant difference or on par with each other.

Food consumption indices were studied under laboratory condition at room temperature 28 ± 20C and it is one of the parameter to identify the damage potential of insects. The major leaf feeding insect pests of onion, Spodoptera exigua, Spodoptera litura, Helicoverpa armigera and the recently invasive insect Spodoptera frugiperda were causing destructive damage to the plant and made economic yield loss. (Alliaceae) is one of the major bulbous vegetable grown both as garden and field crop in India.

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